Middle jüz
They call themselves Орта жүз
A major tribal confederation of Kazakhs in central and eastern Kazakhstan
The Middle jüz is one of the three main tribal confederations of the Kazakh people. Its tribes live mainly in central, northern, and eastern Kazakhstan, with some in northwestern China. The Middle jüz is known for its role in Kazakh history and for producing several prominent poets and intellectuals.
- One of three main Kazakh tribal confederations
- Covers central, northern, and eastern Kazakhstan
- Includes tribes like Argyn, Kerei, Naiman, and Qypchak
- Incorporated into the Russian Empire in the 18th century
- Produced famous Kazakh poets and intellectuals
Who are the Middle jüz?
The Middle jüz is one of the three main divisions, or tribal confederations, of the Kazakh people. It brings together several large tribes under a shared identity. The Middle jüz is sometimes called Arğyn Jüz. Its members are linked by common ancestry, language, and a history of living in the steppe regions of Kazakhstan. Tribal affiliation remains an important part of Kazakh identity for many. The Middle jüz has played a key role in the cultural and political life of the Kazakh people, and many well-known Kazakh poets and leaders come from its tribes.
Where do the Middle jüz live?
The Middle jüz traditionally occupies the central, northern, and eastern parts of Kazakhstan. Its territory stretches across the steppe and semi-desert regions, with some groups living in northwestern China. The land is marked by open grasslands, rivers, and rolling hills, which have long supported a nomadic way of life centered on herding livestock. The region's geography has shaped the culture and movement of the Middle jüz tribes.
What language do the Middle jüz speak?
Members of the Middle jüz speak Kazakh, a Turkic language. Kazakh is widely spoken in Kazakhstan and is used in daily life, literature, and public affairs. The language helps maintain ties among the different tribes of the Middle jüz. Some members in China also speak Kazakh, keeping the language alive across borders.
How is Middle jüz society organised?
The Middle jüz is made up of several tribes, including Argyn, Kerei, Naiman, Khongirad, Qypchak, Taraqty, and Uwaq. Each tribe is further divided into clans. Tribal and clan identity is important, and descent is typically traced through the male line. Decisions in the past were often made by gatherings of elders and leaders from the different tribes. Family roles and the upbringing of children are shaped by Kazakh customs, with each son in a family traditionally having a clear role.
The history of the Middle jüz
The Middle jüz emerged as a distinct confederation during the 17th and 18th centuries, though some researchers trace its roots earlier. It formed as Kazakh tribes united for defense and to manage their nomadic lands after the decline of the Golden Horde. The Middle jüz was incorporated into the Russian Empire between 1734 and 1740. Its territory was shaped by historical events such as the disintegration of the Kazakh Khanate and conflicts with neighboring powers. The confederation played a role in regulating access to pastures and water, and its leaders were important in Kazakh history.
Middle jüz life today
Today, the Middle jüz remains a significant part of Kazakh identity. Its people mainly live in Kazakhstan, with some communities in China. The tribal structure is less central to daily life than in the past, but many Kazakhs still know their tribal and clan origins. The region is now part of the modern state of Kazakhstan, and members of the Middle jüz participate in all aspects of national life.
Questions people ask about the Middle jüz
Where do the Middle jüz live?
The Middle jüz live mainly in central, northern, and eastern Kazakhstan, with some communities in northwestern China.
What language do they speak?
They speak Kazakh, a Turkic language widely used in Kazakhstan and among Kazakhs in China.
How is the Middle jüz organized?
The Middle jüz is made up of several tribes, including Argyn, Kerei, Naiman, Khongirad, Qypchak, Taraqty, and Uwaq, each with its own clans.
What is the history of the Middle jüz?
The Middle jüz formed as a tribal confederation in the 17th and 18th centuries and became part of the Russian Empire in the 18th century.
Are the Middle jüz still a distinct group today?
Yes, the Middle jüz remains an important part of Kazakh identity, though tribal structure is less central than in the past.
Sources and further reading
This page was written with AI assistance from the sources above and checked automatically before publishing. It may contain mistakes, and it is no substitute for hearing from the Middle jüz themselves. If something is wrong, tell us. Last refreshed 2026-10-02.
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